CR 1.1:959
First report of the Commission on Civil Rights
CR 1.2:SE 6/2
Becoming Less Separate
CR 1.8:H 35/962-3
Hearing before the United States Commission on Civil Rights, held in Memphis, Tennessee
CR 1.10:69
With All Deliberate Speed: 1954 - 19??
CR 1.2:T 48
A Time To Listen
A Time to Act
CR 1.1:961/bk 1
CR 1.1:961/bk 2
CR 1.1:961/bk 3
CR 1.1:961/bk 4
CR 1.1:961/bk 5
A partnership of the United States Government Printing Office, The United States Commission on Civil Rights, and the Thurgood Marshall Law Library; online access is available to many historical publications from the United States Civil RIghts Commission Reports.
Access The Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Access the Federal Records Relating to Civil Rights in the Post-World War II Era (SuDoc Number: AE 1.124:113)
Congressional Record, 84th Congress, 2nd Session, 1956, 102 pt.4, pages 4515-4516
The Southern Manifesto
On March 12, 1956, in response to the Supreme Court’s decisions in Brown v. Board of Education, 101 U.S. Senators and Members of the House of Representatives from the eleven states of the old Confederacy — including the entire Louisiana congressional delegation — signed this “Southern Manifesto.” The manifesto characterized the “unwarranted” Brown decision as a “clear abuse of judicial power.”
Interstate Commerce Commission Reports and Decisions (1955-56): SuDoc Number IC 1.6:297
ICC issued an order mandating the desegregation of interstate train travel, including restaurants, waiting rooms, and restrooms but said nothing about segregated bus terminals.
Federal Register: SuDoc Number GS 4107
6 years later, due to the insistence of Attorney General Robert Kennedy, the Interstate Commerce Commission ordered an end to segregation on interstate transportation and with transportation facilities.
26 Federal Register 118 (21 June 1961), pp. 5530-5531
26 Federal Register 186 (27 September 1961), pp. 9166-9167
Landmark Briefs:
Brown v. Board of Education (1954 & 1955)
Volume 49A
A consolidation of five cases brought before the Supreme Court of the United States regarding the constitutionality of segregation in public schools. In this landmark decision, the Supreme Court ruled that State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional overruling the “separate but equal” principle.
Arguments of the Supreme Court of the United States:
1958 Evers et al. v. Dwyer
et al.
358 US 202
In Memphis, the black plaintiff
had been ordered to the back
of the bus based on race.
1962 Turner v. City of
Memphis
369 US 350
Leasing from the city of
Memphis at the municipal
airport, Dobb's House Inc. refused to serve blacks.
1963 Watson et al. v. City of
Memphis et al
373 US 526
Black citizens filed suit
against the city to hasten
the pace to desegregate public parks and other recreational facilities.
